This page includes the curriculum created by the Curriculum Development Center (CDC), notes for the reference study, and old and model test questions. Its user interface is very simple to use. By selecting the tabs, you can go to various units and chapters, model questions.

TitleEconomics II
Course codeEco. 304
Nature of courseTheory + Lab
Full marks75 + 25
Pass marks27 + 13
Credit Hrs5 hrs
Elective/CompulsoryElective

Secondary Education Curriculum
2076
Economics



Working hrs: 160

Introduction

Economics studies the use of available resources to meet needs. its Through study, students identify and use the necessary resources to meet their daily needs
Developments related to the production, distribution and consumption of resources and services around and in the wider society Support in developing skills such as recognizing and analyzing behavior and making decisions appropriate to the situation reaches Class 11 and 12 of the secondary level of school education as the subjects are related to daily practical life The subject of economics is included. Basic concepts and tools of economics in this course In addition to distributional economics, macroeconomics, development economics, economy of Nepal and quantitative economics Topics like methodology are included. The effect of the economy on the prosperity of individuals, societies and nations and practical This course is designed to empower students in its role and application in problem solving is In addition, this course will also prepare the basis of higher education in related subjects.

According to the guidelines of the National Curriculum Framework, 2076, connecting economics with daily life, in economics of Nepal Emphasizing the knowledge and application of macroeconomics and macroeconomics by awakening the interest of students and the high level of this subject The course focuses on preparing the basis for the development of manpower. to economics in the present context To achieve the national objective of education and its relevance by fulfilling the needs and desires of the students by making it practical To increase the opinion of subject experts, curriculum experts, subject teachers, students and stakeholders This curriculum has been developed based on the suggestions.

Introduction, graded competence, classroom learning achievement, content area and sequence, learning facilitation process and student This course has been developed including evaluation. In this course, the subject of curriculum writing and development Introduction, covering the main features of the curriculum and the format of the curriculum, expected thematically Knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and work readiness in its functional form, ability, level of learning and
Competence specific elaboration of learning achievement, competence, learning achievement and parallel with previous grade Facilitating learning by including subject area and sequence, subject specificity and originality based on balance Students mentioning methods and procedures and methods and procedures of formative and judgmental evaluation The assessment is managed.

Level of Competency

By the end of classes 11 and 12, students will have acquired the following competencies:

  1. Basic concept of economics and understanding of distribution of resources and economic system and presentation
  2. Development of demand, supply and maintenance of market balance and pricing in the market Presentation of the process
  3. Information and use of cost and income preparation and use and consumer behavior Understanding, research and practical application of the theory of production
  4. Understanding and Application of Macroeconomic Variables
  5. Introduction to the Concept of National Income Calculation
  6. Understanding inflation and deflation and its impact
  7. Banking system and monetary policy, government finance information, relations and accounting
  8. The relationship between international trade and Nepal’s foreign employment, analysis and problems Solution
  9. Relationship and practical application of the concepts of economic development and growth
  10. Comprehension, presentation and accounting of the current state of Nepal’s economy
  11. Identification and review of the current status and potential of Nepal’s natural resources Identification and analysis of the needs of agriculture, tourism, transport and communication Understanding and presenting the situation of poverty, inequality and unemployment, human resource development
  12. Understanding and problems of basic mathematical and statistical concepts in economics Use in solution

Scope and Sequence of Contents

1. Basic concepts of Economics and Allocation of Resources

Introduction
Scarcity and choice
Opportunity Cost
Production Possibility Curve (PPC)/ Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)

  • The Shape of Production Possibility Curve
  • The shift in Production Possibility Curve
    Allocation of Resource
    A. The Problem of Allocation of Resources
    B. How to achieve Fuller Utilization or Full Utilization of Resources
    C. How to achieve Growth of Resources?
    Division of Labour
  • Concept of Division of Labour with advantages and disadvantages
  • Types of Division of Labour
    Specialization
  • Advantages of Specialization
  • Disadvantages of Specialization
    Economic System
  • Types of Economy
2. Market and Revenue Curves

Concept of Market with features
Perfect competition

  • Features or Characteristics of Perfect Competition Market
    Imperfect Competition with Features
    A. Monopoly Market
  • Features or Characteristics of Monopoly Market
    B. Monopolistic Competition
  • Features or Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition Market
  • Oligopoly
    Total Revenue (TR), Average Revenue (AR), and Marginal Revenue (MR)
  • Nature of TR, AR, and MR under Perfect Competition
  • Nature of TR, AR, and MR under Monopoly Market
    Numerical Portion
3. Cost Curves

Concept of Cost and its types
Derivation of Short-run Total Cost Curves
Difference between Variable cost and Fixed Cost
Derivation of Short-run Average Cost (AC) Curves
Derivation of Marginal Cost (MC) Curve
Relationship Between AC and MC
Numerical Portion

4. Theory of Price and Output Determination

Concept of Firm and Industry
Concept of Equilibrium

  • Equilibrium of an Industry under Perfect competition
  • Equilibrium of a firm under perfect competition and Monopoly using TR-TC approach
  • Equilibrium of a firm under perfect competition and Monopoly using MR-TC approach
  • Price and Output Determination Under Perfect Competition in Short run
  • Price and Output Determination Under Perfect Competition in the Long run
  • Price and Output Determination Under Monopoly in Short run
  • Price and Output Determination Under Monopoly in the Long run
    Comparison between Perfect Competition and Monopoly
  • Similarities between Perfect Competition and Monopoly
  • Differences between Perfect Competition and Monopoly
    Numerical Portion
5. Factor Pricing

Introduction to Factor Pricing
Rent

  • Meaning of Rent and Types of Rent
  • Contract Rent Vs Economic Rent
  • Ricardian/ Classical Theory of Rent
    Wages
  • Concept of Wages and Types of Wages
  • Money Wage Vs Real Wage
  • Subsistence theory of Wages
  • Wage fund theory of Wages
    Interest
  • Concept of Interest and Types of Interest
  • Gross Interest Vs Net Interest
  • Classical/ Real theory of Interest
    Profit
  • Concept of Profit and Types of Profit
  • Gross Profit Vs Net Profit
  • Risk Theory of Profit
  • Uncertainty Bearing Theory of Profit
6. Banking and Monetary Policy

Origin and Development of Bank
Meaning and definition of Bank and its roles and importances
Classification or Types of Banks
Central Bank and its Functions
Commercial Bank and its Functions
Financial Market (Money Market and Capital Market) With their Features

  • Capital Market Vs Money Market
  • Monetary Policy
    Current Situation/ Status of Commercial Banks and Development Banks in Nepal
7. Government Finance

Concept of Government Finance

  • Scope of Government Finance
  • Role/ Importance of Government Finance
    Concept of Government Revenue
  • Sources of Government Revenue

Concept of Government Expenditure

  • Importance of Government Expenditure
  • Classification of Government Expenditure
    Concept of Taxes
  • Direct Taxes
  • Indirect Taxes
  • Progressive Tax
  • Regressive Tax
  • Proportional Tax
  • Digressive Tax
    Qualities or Features of Good Tax System
    Government Borrowing
  • Importance of Government Borrowing
  • Sources of Government Borrowing
    Government Budget
  • Types of Budget
  • Process of Budget Formulation
  • Deficit Financing
8. International Trade

Concept and Importance of International Trade
Balance of Trade
Balance of Payment
Exchange Rate
Free Trade and Protectionism
The Comparative Cost Theory of International Trade
Bases of International Trade
Measures to reduce the trade deficit in Nepal

9. Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment and Human Resource

Concept of Poverty

  • Causes of Poverty
  • Features/ Characteristics of Poverty
  • Current Situation of Poverty in Nepal
  • Measures of Poverty Reduction
    Concept of Inequality
  • Causes of Inequality
  • Measures to Mitigate Inequality
    Concept of Unemployment
  • Types of Unemployment
  • Causes of Unemployment
  • Methods to generate Employment Opportunities
    Concept of Human Resources
  • Role or Importance of Human Resources
  • Indicators of Human Development
  • Human Development Index (HDI)
  • Current situation of the Population in Nepal
10. Nepalese Foreign Trade and Foreign Employment

Concept of Nepalese Foreign Trade
Growth of Nepalese Foreign Trade
Composition of Nepalese Foreign Trade
The direction of Foreign Trade in Nepal
Problems of Nepalese Foreign Trade
World Trade Organization (WTO) and South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)
Foreign Employment and Remittance

  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Employment
11. Development Planning in Nepal

Meaning and Definition of Development Planning

  • Development Planning in Nepal
  • Past Development Plans of Nepal in brief
  • General Evaluation of Immediate Past Plan of Nepal
  • Current 15th Periodic plan of Nepal (2019/20 to 2023/24)
  • Process of Plan Formulation in Nepal
12. Sustainable Development Goals and Nepal

Concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN)
No Poverty and Nepal
Zero Starvation and Nepal
Decent Work, Economics Growth and Nepal
Quality Education and Nepal

13. Introduction to statistics

Origin and Definition of Statistics
Functions of Statistics
Need and Importance of Statistics
Limitations of Statistics

14. Data Collection

Concept of Data Collection
Pre-requisites of data collection
Types of Data
Methods of Collecting Primary data

  • Choice of Method
  • Problems of Collecting Primary Data
    Sources of Secondary Data
  • Published sources
  • Unpublished sources
  • Precautions in the usage of Secondary data
  • Problems in Collecting Secondary Data
    Techniques of Data Collection
    Methods of Sampling
15. Measures of Dispersion

Concept of ‘Measures of Dispersion’

  • Objectives of Measuring Dispersion
  • Characteristics for an Ideal Measure of Dispersion
  • Absolute and Relative measure of dispersion
  • Various methods of Measures of Dispersion
16. Index Numbers

Concept of Index Numbers

  • Features of Index Numbers
  • Importance of Index Numbers
  • Types of Index Numbers
    Usable Terminologies in Constructing Index Numbers
    Methods of Constructing Index Numbers
  • Simple/ Unweighted Index Number
  • Weighted Index Number
    Limitations of Index Numbers
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3041.-EonomicsDownload

Model Question (NEB) -2078
Subject : Economics

Time: 3 Hrs.
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions.                                                                        (11×1 = 11)

  1. Write any two features of mixed economy.
  2. It total revenue of a firm is Rs. 4000 and total cost is Rs. 3300 then find the total profit.
  3. What is government revenue?
  4. Write any two differences between balance of trade and balance of payments.
  5. Write any two basic components of Human Development Index.
  6. What is Word Trade Organization?
  7. Write any two productive uses of remittance in Nepalese economy.
  8. Which one of the 17 goals of sustainable development is not directly relevant to Nepal?
  9. Define statistics.
  10. Primary data is more reliable. Why?
  11. Find the value of ‘X’ if the mean of given data is 16
Income in Rs.1012X18,26

Group ‘”B’

Short answer questions. (8×5=40)

12. What is division of labour? Explain its advantages.
Or
What is socialist economy? Explain its features.
13. Explain the Classical Theory of Interest.
14. Answer the following questions based on the given table.

Units good soldPrice in Rs.Total revenueMarginal IncomeAverage revenue
110   
28   
36   
44   

a) Complete the given table
b) Draw average and marginal revenue curves from the completed table
15. Analyze the relationship between average cost and marginal cost based on a diagram.
16. Describe any five functions of Central Bank.
17. Evaluate the causes of increasing unemployment in Nepal.
18. What measures do you suggest to make plan formulation effective in Nepal? Give your opinion.
19. Find the standard deviation from the data and interpret the result.

Wages Rs.No. of Labor
154
225
263
326
352

Or,
Find Paasche’s Price Index Number from the given data and interpret the result.

Types of GoodsPer unit price in Rs.Quantity of goods in Kg.Per unit price in Rs.Quantity of good in Kg.
A8121515
B9221219
C12111819
D5201025

‘Group C’

Long answer questions (3×8 = 24)

20. How equilibrium price and output are determined in the short-run by a firm using MR-MC approach under perfect competition? Explain
21. Why government borrowing is important for Nepal’s economy? Give reasons
22. What measures do you suggest to reduce trade deficits of Nepal? Explain.
Or,
“Foreign employment is not always beneficial for the developing country.” Justify.

Model Question-1
Subject: Economics XII

Time: 3 hours
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions. (11×1 = 11)

  1. Define opportunity cost.
  2. Suppose a revenue function TR = 100Q – 2Q2 then find out MR function.
  3. What is money market?
  4. List the role of government finance.
  5. Define inequality.
  6. List out the principles of WTO.
  7. Write the vision of current plan.
  8. List out any two sustainable development goal of United Nations.
  9. Define primary data.
  10. Find quartile deviation (QD) if first quartile (Q1) is 50 and third quartile (Q3) is 80.
  11. Find the range from the following data of apple buys in a week.
DaysSunMonTUEWedThuFriSat
Apple (kg)1035505202530
Group ‘B’

Short answer questions. (8×5=40)

12. Write short note on allocation of resources.
Or
Explain the concept of production possibility curve.

13. Consider the following table:

OutputTFCTVCTCAFCAVCACMC
0200     
12010     
22018     
32024     
42032     
52045     
62060     
  1. Complete the table.
  2. Mention the relationship between AC and MC.

14. How are price and output determined under perfect competition in long run?
15. Explain the subsistence theory of wage.
16. Explain the characteristics of a good tax system.
17. What remedial measures do you suggest to reduce poverty in Nepal?
18. Explain the composition of Nepalese foreign trade.
19. Calculate standard deviation and coefficient of variance from the following data:

x4550556065707580
f35879743

Or,
Find the price index number from the following by using simple average of price relative method:

CommoditiesP0P1
Rice2025
Wheat1520
Maize1215
Millet1015
‘Group C’

Long answer questions (3×8 = 24)

20. Define monopoly. Show the relationship among TR, MR and AR under it.
21. Define foreign trade and explain the various problems of Nepalese foreign trade.
22. Define central bank and explain its various functions.
Or,
Explain the concept of progressive and proportional tax system with the help of table and diagram.

Model Question-2
Subject: Economics XII

Time: 3 hours
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’
Very short answer questions. (11×1 = 11)
  1. Define mixed economy.
  2. Suppose a cost function TC = 100 + 5Q +Q2, find out total fixed cost function.
  3. What is capital market?
  4. Define balance of payment.
  5. Define poverty.
  6. List out the principles of SAFTA.
  7. Write the goal of current plan.
  8. Write very short notes on “no poverty and Nepal”.
  9. Define statistics in singular sense.
  10. Find coefficient of quartile deviation (QD) if first quartile (Q1) is 50 and third quartile (Q3) is 90
  11. Find the range from the following data of apple buys in a week.
DaysSunMonTUEWedThuFriSat
Apple (kg)1035405202530
Group ‘B’
Short answer questions.                     (8×5=40)

12. Describe about scarcity & choice.
Or
What are the advantages of division of labour?

13. Consider the following table.

Quantity soldPrice (in Rs.)TRMRAR
110   
29   
38
47
56
65
74
  1. Complete the table.
  2. What type of market is this? Why?

14. Derive short run cost curves.
15. Critically explain the wage fund theory of wage.
16. Explain the various sources of government borrowing.
17. What remedial measures do you suggest to minimize unemployment in Nepal?
18. Explain the growth and trend of Nepalese foreign trade.
19. Calculate standard deviation from the following data:

x4.514.524.534.544.554.564.5
F371217864

Or,
Find the price index number from the following by using weighted average of price relative method:

CommoditiesWeight (W)Price in 2000 (P0)Price in 2010 (P1)
A32040
B24060
C46080
D180100
‘Group C’

Long answer questions                                                                                    (3×8 = 24)

20. How are price and output determined under monopoly in short run?
21. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of foreign employment of Nepal.
22. Explain various merits and demerits of direct tax.
Or,
Explain various advantages and disadvantages of free trade.

Model Question-3
Subject: Economics XII

Time: 3 hours
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘B’

Very short answer questions. (11×1 = 11)

  1. What is command economy?
  2. Suppose a cost function TC = 100 + 5Q +Q2, find out total variable cost function.
  3. Define balance of trade.
  4. What is a bank?
  5. Define human resources.
  6. List out the objectives of SAFTA.
  7. Write any two quantitative target of current plan.
  8. List out any two sustainable development goal of United Nations.
  9. Define statistics in plural sense.
  10. Point out any four methods of collecting primary data.
  11. Find the coefficient of range from the following data of apple buys in a week.
DaysSunMonTUEWedThuFriSat
Apple (kg)1035505202530

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions. (8×5=40)

12. Explain the features of market economy.
Or
Explain about the shift in production possibility curve.
13. The total revenue and total cost functions of a firm are given by: TR = 30Q – Q2 and TC = 20 + 4Q
Where, Q is the output. Find the equilibrium output of the firm.
14. Critically explain the risk bearing theory of profit.
15. How are price and output determined under monopoly in long run?
16. Explain various disadvantages of protection policy.
17. What remedial measures do you suggest to reduce poverty in Nepal?
18. Explain the direction of Nepalese foreign trade.
19. Calculate the mean deviation from mean from the following data:

x1012182426
F41416106

Or,
Find the price index number from the following data by using Laspeyre’s method:

CommoditiesPricePriceQuantityQuantity
Commodities2004200520042005
Rice1202051215
Wheat1002021221
Sugar1401851515
Pulses1601801828
Corn1852093015

‘Group C’

Long answer questions    (3×8 = 24)

20. Show the relationship among TFC, TVC, TC with the help of a table and diagram.
21. Define development plan. Explain the process of plan formulation in Nepal.
22. Critically explain the comparative cost theory of international trade.
Or,
Define commercial bank and explain its various major functions.

Model Question-4
Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs.
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11)

  1. What is division of labor?
  2. A business firm produces 6 units output. If its total fixed cost (TFC) and total cost (TC) are Res. 60 and Rs. 300 respectively, find its AVC and AC.
  3. What is capital market?
  4. Mention the roles of banking system.
  5. Write the meaning of property and inequality.
  6. List out any four objectives of World Trade Organization.
  7. List out any four objectives of SAFTA.
  8. Defineforeign trade.
  9. Define singular definition of statistics.
  10. Find the range and the coefficient of range from the following data:
x102030405060
f289231

11. Find the price index number for the year 2010 taking 2005 as the base year by using simple aggregative method.

Commoditiesprice in Rs(per Kg)price in Rs(per Kg)
Commodities20052010
Tomato1220
Rice1625
Potato1012

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40)

12. Explain the concept of production possibility curve (PPC)
Or
What is mixed economy? Explain its features.
13. Explain the subsistence theory of wage.
14. Answer the following question based on the given table

OutputTFCTVCTC
0600 
1–20 
2–30 
3–45 
4–80 
5–135 

a) Complete the given table
b) Draw the TFC, TVC and TC curves by using table.
c) Mention the nature of TFC, TVC and TC curves.

15. What is perfect competition? How are equilibrium of price and output determined under it in short-run?
16. Explain the concept of balance of trade and balance of payment.
17. Evaluate why the government of Nepal has not been able to create employment opportunities inside country?
18. Explain the process of plan formulation.
19. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data.

x5781012
f7810119

Or
Construct the price index numbers from the following data by applying Paasche’s method

CommoditiesBase yearCurrent year
 PriceQuantityPrice`Quantity
A2846
B51075
C414516
D219216

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions (3×8=24)

20. Critically explain the Ricardian theory of rent.
21. What is direct tax? Explain its merits and demerits.
Or
Define commercial bank. Explain its functions.
22. Explain the present situation of foreign employment and remittance in Nepal.

Model Question-5
Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs.
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11)

  1. What do you mean by scarcity in economics?
  2. If TR = 100 -20Q +30Q2 then find MR function.
  3. Define money market.
  4. Define tax.
  5. What is WTO?
  6. Define development plan.
  7. What is inequality?
  8. Define unemployment.
  9. Define secondary data.
  10. If the largest value is 60 and smallest value is 10, find the coefficient of range.
  11. Find the price index number by using simple aggregative method.
CommoditiesPrice in 2010Price in 2015
A1520
B2028
C2532

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40)

12. Explain about the allocation of resources.
Or
13. Explain various disadvantages of division of labor.
14. Explain the classical theory of interest.
15. Answer the following question based on the given table (1+2+2)

QuantityPriceTRARMR
1100  
29   
38   
47   
56   
65   
74   

a) Compute the following table
b) Draw TR, AR and MR from the completed table.
c) Show the relationship among TR, AR and MR.
15. How does a monopolist attain its equilibrium position in the long run?
16. Explain the problems of Nepalese foreign trade.
17. What are the causes of poverty in Nepal?
18. Explain the process of plan formulation in Nepal.
19. Find the standard deviation from the following:

Age20-2525-3030-3535-4040-4545-50
Frequency1201701801107060

Or
Calculate the price index number by using Laspeyre’s method and Paasche’s methods.

commodities2013201320142014
FrequencyPoqoP1q1
A86105
B210310
C105126
D5648

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions (3×8=24)

20. Derive short run cost curves with the help of suitable table.
21. Define direct tax. Explain its merits and demerits.
Or
Define central bank and explain its various functions.
22. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Nepalese foreign employment and remittance? Explain.

Model Question-6
Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs.
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11)

  1. What is mixed economy?
  2. Suppose that the market demand in a perfectly competitive industry is given by Qd = 70,000 – 5000 P and market supply function Qs = 40,000 + 2500P. Find the market equilibrium price.
  3. Define bank.
  4. Distinguish between public and private finance.
  5. Give the meaning of human resource.
  6. What do you mean by foreign employment?
  7. Give two objectives set by current plan.
  8. What do you mean by sustainable development?
  9. Point out the importance of statistics.
  10. Write very short notes on census method of data collection.
  11. Define price index number.

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40)

12. Describe the concept of scarcity and choice.
Or
What is market economy? Explain its features.
13. Define market. What are the different market structure?
14. From the following table, calculate TFC, TVC, AFC and AVC

OutputTC (in Rs.)TFCTVCAFCAVC
0120    
1180    
2200    
3210    
4225    
5260    
6330    

15. Critically explain risk bearing theory of profit.
16. Describe the characteristics of good tax system.
17. Explain the causes of poverty in Nepal.
18. What the demerits of foreign employment? Explain.
19. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data

Marks0-200-400-600-800-100
No. of students820507080

Or
Calculate the price index number for the following data by using simple aggregative method taking 2072 as the base year and interpret the value of index number.

CommoditiesPrice in Rs.
20722077
Rice3540
Milk2025
Oil120130
Egg96100
Meat500550

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions (3×8=24)

20. How are price and output determined under perfect competition in short run?
21. Define free trade, explain its advantages and disadvantages.
Or
Define commercial bank and explain its various functions.
22. Define foreign trade. Discuss the composition of Nepalese foreign trade.

Model Question-7
Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs.
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11)

  1. What is command economy?
  2. A firm’s total revenue is Rs. 1200 and total cost is Rs. 1000. Find out total profit.
  3. Define central bank.
  4. Write any two importance of public finance.
  5. What do you mean by human development index?
  6. Give the meaning of remittance.
  7. Give any two targets set by current plan.
  8. What do you mean by decent work?
  9. Define secondary data.
  10. Find the range of the following wage rate.
Wage rate (Rs.)200250300350400450
No. of employees71620131210

11. What is index number?

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40)

12. What do you mean by allocation of resources?
Or
What is mixed economy? Explain its characteristics.

13. Derive TR, MR and AR curves under monopoly.
14. Calculate AFC, AC and MC from the given information. TFC is Rs. 100

Output(in kg)TVCTFCTCAFCAVCACMC
110110     
224124     
345145     
468168     
595195     
6138238     
7210310     
 320420     

15. Critically explain uncertainty bearing theory of profit.
16. Define budget. How is it formulated in Nepal?
17. Explain the role of human resource in economic development of Nepal.
18. What are the merits of foreign employment? Explain.
19. Find out the standard deviation its coefficient and coefficient of variation.

Wages (x)12141618202224
No. of works612182616108

Or

From the following data, construct price index numbers for 2020 taking 2015 as the base year by the weighted aggregative method using Laspeyre’s formula.

commodities2015201520202020
commoditiesPrice
(p0)		Quantity
(q0)		Price
(p1)		Quantity
(q1)
A8121015
B510810
C38512
D105215

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions (3×8=24)

20. Define perfect competition with its features. How are price and output determined under it in long run?
21. Describe various functions of commercial bank.
Or
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of free trade.
22. Define development plan and explain the process of plan formulation in Nepal.

Model Question-8
Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs.
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11)

  1. Define opportunity cost.
  2. The total revenue function of a coffee producer is R (Q) =1500Q – 50Q2, where Q is the output and R (Q) is the revenue. Find the marginal revenue for an output 12.
  3. List out the types of monetary policy.
  4. Define proportional tax system.
  5. Give the current population size and growth rate of population of Nepal.
  6. What is SAFTA?
  7. Point out the national strategies of current plan.
  8. How is quality education defined?
  9. What are the importance of statistics?
  10. What do you mean by schedules sent through enumerators?
  11. What do you mean by variance?

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40)

12. What are merits of division of labour? Explain.
OR
Describe the concept of production possibility curve.
13. Critically explain wage fund theory of wage.
14. Define monopoly. Explain its features.
15. Consider the following table

quantity sold (Q)Price (P)TRMRAR
110110  
224124  
345145  
468168  
595195  
6138238  
7210310  
8320420  

a) Calculate the values of TR MR and AR.
b) What type of market is this? Why?
c) Draw the TR, MR and AR in one diagram.
16. Suggest the measures to reduce trade deficit in Nepal.
17. Give your remedies to eliminate economic inequality in Nepal.
18. What are the main problems of the Nepalese foreign trade?
19. Find the standard deviation from the following data:

Marks10-2020-3030-4040-5050-6060-70
No. of Students24810124

Or
Construct the price index number from the following data by applying Paasche’s method

CommoditiesPricePriceQuantityQuantity
Commodities2014201520142015
Rice1202051215
Wheat1002021221
Sugar1401851515
Pulses1601801828
Corn1852093015

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions (3×8=24) Attempt all questions

20. Derive AFC, AVC, SAC and MC curves with the help of a suitable table.
21. Critically explain comparative cost theory of international trade.
Or
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of direct tax.
23. Describe the merits and demerits of foreign employment of Nepal

Model Question-9
Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11) Attempt all the questions

  1. Define opportunity cost.
  2. A business firm produces 10 units of output. If its total fixed cost (TFC) and total cost (TC) are Rs. 1000 and Rs. 2500 respectively, find its AVC and AC.
  3. Define direct tax with example.
  4. What is public finance?
  5. What is poverty?
  6. Define foreign trade.
  7. What do you mean by protection trade?
  8. What is trade deficit?
  9. Define plural definition of statistics.
  10. Find the range and coefficient of range of the following wage rates.
Wage rate (Rs.)200250300350400450
No. of employees71620131210

11. Define price index number.

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40) Answer all the questions

12. Explain about the shift in production possibility curve.
OR
What is command economy? Explain its features.
13. Explain the classical theory of interest.
14. Compute TC, AFC, AVC, AC and MC with information given in the following table.

Output123456
TFC606060606060
TVC224260100160240

15. How are price and output determined under perfect competition in long run? Explain.
16. What are the sources of government revenue? Explain.
17. Suggest different measure for poverty alleviation in Nepal.
18. What are the principles and objectives of SAFTA?
19. Find the standard deviation from the following data.

Marks0-1010-2020-3030-4040-50
Frequency91213118

Or
Construct price index numbers from the following data by using Paache’s method.

Commodities2013201320142014
 poqop1q1
A86105
B210310
C105126
D5648

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions (3×8=24) Attempt all questions

20. Show the relationship among TR, MR and AR under perfect competition with the help of a table and diagram.
21. What is commercial bank? Explain its functions.
Or
Write various advantages and disadvantages of protection policy.
22. Foreign employment is not always beneficial for Nepal. Justify it.

Model Question-10 Sub: Economics – XII

Time: 3 hrs
F.M.: 75
P.M.: 30

Group ‘A’

Very short answer questions (11×1 = 11) Attempt all the questions

  1. What is division of labour?
  2. Find TFC from the following total cost function. TC = 250 + 8Q + Q2
  3. Define capital market.
  4. Define government revenue.
  5. What is SAFTA?
  6. What is foreign trade?
  7. What is the goal of current plan?
  8. What do you mean by zero hunger?
  9. Define primary data.
  10. If standard deviation = 7.47 and mean = 1.17. Find coefficient of variation (CV)
  11. Define statistics.

Group ‘B’

Short answer questions (8×5= 40) Answer all the questions

12. Explain the concept of PPC.
Or
What are the advantages of division of labour?
13. Derive TR, MR and AR curves under perfect competition.
14. Consider the following table:

OutputTFCTVCTCAFCAVCACMC
0600     
16022     
26042     
36060     
460100     
560160     
660240     

a) Complete the table
c) Draw TFC, TVC and TC curves.
c) Draw AFC, AVC, AC and MC curves.
15. Explain the uncertainty bearing theory of profit.
16. Explain the importance of Nepalese foreign trade.
17. Explain the role of human resource for the economic development of the country.
18. Write the concept of sustainable development goal of UN.
19. Find the standard deviation from the following

Marks0-50-100-150-200-25
Frequency1015273240

Or

Calculate the price index number by using Laspeyre’s method and Paasche’s methods

GroupPricePriceQuantityQuantity
 2010202020102020
A122050120
B101210080
C14156070
D16183050
F18204040

Group ‘C’

Long answer questions Attempt all questions: (3×8=24)

20. Define monopoly. How are price and output determined under it in short run?
21. Define budget. Explain the process of budget formulation in Nepal.
Or
Define commercial bank. Describe various functions of commercial bank.

22. Foreign employment is not always beneficial for Nepal. Justify it.